Research on the finches native to the Galapagos Islands by Charles Essay

Research on the finches native to the Galapagos Islands by Charles Darwin - Essay Example This research study combined both qualitative and quantitative measures in order to gather data in order to support the concept of allopatric differentiation through the use of genetic analysis, environmental exposure, and behavioral observations. When Darwin was originally studying the species, he hypothesized that at one point there was a singular ancestral specie of finch that were spread out over the island chains through adaptive radiation. As the result of genetic mutation and diversification of the environment, different subspecies of finches developed in order to become adapted to that environment. Due to the fact that there are numerous species of finches that inhabit this isolated island chain, the specifics of taxonomic and evolutionary research have not been conducted. The researchers collected a wide spectral range of data regarding the differences between the species in order to be compared. One of the sets of data involved the recording of the sonic sounds that are cre ated by each distinct species of finch for communication. These vocal patterns were then analyzed by frequency and pitch in order to determine what characteristics were similar and which weren’t for showing evolutionary progress. ... In order to conclude whether there was any significance or validity to the study, statistical tests were used to determine the trends in the data. Some of the results showed that there was no statistical significance such as morphological traits, however there was statistical significance in the analysis of the sonic and genetic factors. The study that was conducted had a thorough way of exploring many of the different features that could impact allopatric differentiation of the species. The reason that finches are such a popular tool for biological study is because they a model organism in biology. This means that the things that are studied about the organism serve as a good model not only for just the study, but can be applied to a broad range of organisms. They are also good because they are a unique species that is native only to the Galapagos Islands, which helps control some diversity factors that could be seen biologically, behaviorally, etc. The scientists took into account not only the possible genetic factors that played a role, but also the role in which the environment played. The wealth and range of the types of data gathered allows the scientists to look on multiple fronts in regards to evolution. One of the problems with the study is that many of the variables that they are looking for cannot be controlled very well and some of the data was only the result of naturalistic observation. Therefore, it would be very difficult for scientists to replicate the studies in a lab for closer examination, lowering the internal validity. In order to gather more data on the study, the scientists should conduct a controlled longitudinal study in order to see how the finches could change over time or see if interbreeding within the populations occur

Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Policy - Essay Example In essence, externalities are the effects of production or consumption of products and the outcome is passed to the society. However, the society has little to control these externalities. The first positive externality is technological improvement. Some firms have been on the frontline in investing in technology. The firms ensure they have the best technology to assist in production of their products. As such, these products are enhanced to give ultimate services to the people that need them. In such a position the firms are acting as a positive accrual to other firms. Other firms are likely to benefit from this technological improvement (Barr, 45). When there is change in one firm’s technology, the other firms are likely to benchmark this opportunity. As such, they will purchase other machinery that conforms to the stated technology. These industries and firms will have an improved way of producing products and they will extend the positivity to other firms, which are not pa rticularly involved in the production. When there is an improvement in technology, there are various aspects which are improved in the society. For instance, when there is enhancement in technology, it is considered that pollution is likely to reduce. When the pollution is reduced, there are various aspects which are improved in the society. For instance, the society does not feel the pinch of having to inhale clean air. As such, their health status is maintained. This reduces any expenses that are incurred by the society in terms of treatment for complications in their health (Barr, 123). Similarly, it is guaranteed that there will be lower water pollution. As such, the society will have better water services. The water pollution will be reduced in the society, which gives the whole society clean water to use. It is evidently seen that the society did not incur any costs in the acquisition of technology. However, they are getting better water which is clean and hygienic. The same a pplies to the other firms. Initially, the firms did not incur any costs in getting information about the new technology. However, they are now in perfect shape in preventing pollution. A negative externality in production is pollution. Pollution is one of the most threatening aspects in production. During production, many firms exhale and release dirty water and air. This dirty air and water has various effects on the environment. First, dirty air makes the environment unpleasant to live in. This makes the life of other people uncomfortable. When people are not living in a comfortable environment, it is not entertaining. As such, the people will have to make sure they get solutions to these problems that are instigated by pollution from production firms. Apparently, some firms take it as their own initiative to stop pollution. This is an ideal approach in stopping pollution in the world. When all the firms initiate strategies that will reduce pollution, there is a likelihood of havi ng a better environment that is not affected by the negativities of pollution. It is a prudent approach by the governing bodies to ensure that pollution is reduced in the whole world. With technological improvement, scientists have considered that pollution is one of the negative effects in the world (Barr, 65). For instance, pollution is responsible for global warming. The global warming effect has affected many parts of the world and they are looking for strategies of reducing its effects to the world. This creates a scenario

Frank Norris’ work “Vandover and the Brute” Essay Example for Free

Frank Norris’ work â€Å"Vandover and the Brute† Essay The development of sexuality in Frank Norris’ work â€Å"Vandover and the Brute† is an interesting reflection of the Puritanical views that Americans have towards sexuality, promiscuity and the consequences thereof. The importance of this book is that it openly examined this value system in 1914, a time when Vandover’s behavior, even without the lycanthropy, was considered brutish and improper. Yet the American environment was in the midst of the first â€Å"sexual† revolution as many young women of the 1920s would don clothing that revealed their flesh and boyish haircuts for the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. Again in the 1960s, the next major era of women’s rights movements, sexuality would be tied to freedom and women would equate burning their bras and free love with freedom and independence. This book then is a look at how a young man might acquire the values of the community around him without ever being taught directly that sex is dirty and that women are somehow degraded when they participate in it. The interesting thing about Norris’ work, which was published after his death, is that Vandover managed to acquire these misguided notions of sexuality on his own. In the first chapter, the author points out that during his adolescent years Vandover’s only female contact was with the housekeeper with whom he was constantly at odds. In addition, because his father would not discuss sexuality with him, he was forced to turn to an Encyclopedia Britannica to answers his questions about women and sex. He was subjected to the crude jokes and unconscious sexual immaturity of boys going through puberty, but without a mother, governess or other strong feminine influence to teach him right from wrong. Indeed, if one assumes that the author was in fact trying to make a statement about society rather than just tell a story about a maladjusted young man in the late 19th century, it becomes clear from the very first chapters that one of Norris’ indictments is against Vandover’s father and his unwillingness to talk to his son about the facts of life. In dead, one of the underlying themes through the entire work is the idea that people only hint at their feelings and do not openly discuss the sexual nature of humanity even though it is a significant portion of their lives. One of the most interesting facets of this book is the discussion of Vandover’s first sexual encounter and his embarrassment and guilt over it. If the situation had perhaps been handled with some amount of discussion, it might have prevented the events that would later occur, including Vandover’s seduction of a â€Å"good girl†, her subsequent suicide, and his eventuality degradation to gambling and alcoholism. The author’s message that society needs to quit hiding its own nature and covering for the high class when they engage in reckless behavior is evident mid-book when Haight explains to Vandover that several of the young, classy women at a cotillion were drunk. Haight tells his friends that society should call a spade a spade and that when women of class drink too much they should be considered drunk as much as any man. This dual criticism of the means by which people receive a sexual education and the double-standards applied to men and women is perhaps the most interesting passage in the book. Another interesting idea that Norris sets forth through the theme of the book and the story itself is that Vandover’s sexuality and promisecuity are to blame for the turn of events for him, including the loss of his family fortune and his new role as a werewolf. Interestingly, rather than approaching the concept that Vandover’s situation might be a result of his addictive behavior including his sexually predatory nature, his alcoholism and his gambling addiction, the reader is left with the idea that the bad things which happen to him are consequences of his sexuality alone. Though Norris portrays Vandover throughout the novel as a weak-willed individual who is too lazy to work hard and get what he wants out of life, everything in his life is blamed on his sexuality and his desire for women of a certain type. The fact that Vandover does not settle down with a fine, upstanding woman, regardless of his feelings for her is seen as an affront to society as a whole. The most important messages about sexuality that are relayed via â€Å"Vandover and The Brute† are the concepts that sexuality exists as it does because people don’t talk about it and that there are consequences for sexual behavior. The first concept is perhaps the most intriguing because it still applies now, almost 100 years later. Though we do not have the same level of closed-mouth attitudes toward sex as Vandover encountered, it is not uncommon even in the modern day to find parents of high school students who do not want their children exposed to sex education for fear that the education will lead to promiscuity. Instead of teaching real information regarding the dangers, both physical and emotional, of beginning a sexual relationship at the wrong time, too many parents concentrate on the Puritanical approach to sex education, associating it with guilt and sin. Young people are not properly educated regarding the safety issues of sex and sexually transmitted diseases continue at epidemic levels when they could be prevented with adequate discussion of the topic. Ironically, as we approach the 100-year mark for the publication, Norris’ primary criticism of the teaching of sexuality still stands today.

Oracle e business suite.

Oracle e business suite. Recommendation The other software solution, which I would recommend other, then SAP Business One, that could solve Rad-Tels problems is Oracle E Business suite. I believe Oracle E Business suites capabilities would be a perfect fit for company like Rad -Tel. Oracle E Business suite, was designed by one of the world top leading software applications provider, with the mid market in mind. Below is what we quote from a company, PDG CONSULTING that is specialising in Oracle E Business suite. This is their customer testimonial on Oracle E Business Suite: (www.pdg-Consulting.com) â€Å" Before we implemented the Oracle EBusiness Suite, we had six finance temps working with us. Now we dont have any. Thats a very obvious cost saving. † Not-for-profit Organisation The above statement has proven that Oracle E Business is not only relvant to larger organization, but would also be a perfect fit for SMB (Small Medium Business) or SME (Small Medium Enterprise) like Rad-Tel.   What is Oracle E Business Suite? Oracle E-Business Suite is a Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software package that allows organizations to manage key business processes. One of the latest version launched in Febuary 2007, Version R-12 of the Oracle E-Business suite is a web based application that can be managed or run from a single site. Like other ERP products, it allows the company to operate with a single database from a data centre. (Martin Murray -About.com guide) Why Oracle E Business Suite is Cost Effective? Oracle E Business Suite contains a number of product lines, which can be implement for their business use. Companies are able to chose the right combination that is suitable for use within their business processes, and pay only for individual application license separately. (Martin Murray -About.com guide) Why Oracle E Business Suite is a match for Rad-Tels needs? Oracle E Business Suite Applications leveraging the internet technology, allows company with a global visibility and exchanging of instantaneous information across the supply chain. Companies can focus on running their core business function profitably, in trying to fulfill their customer demand, by delivering product of high-quality in the shortest possible time and at the lowest possible cost . Oracle E Business Suite Application is fully integrated, with end-to-end internet based   solution desgined to help companies like Rad-Tel that run a factory or manufacturing plant to operate successfully as an e business with their supply chain management. Example of Supply chain solutions available in Oracle E Business are from demand capture to delivery to customer service. More than 100 modules that are grouped into various Oracle E business product families are available. (Bastin Gerald, Nigel King, Dan Natchek, 2002) Oracle Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Help the company to increase their customer satisfaction and loyalty. Oracle Financials The applications include common Financials function like General Ledger, Cash Management, Payables, Receivables and etc. Oracle Human   Resource Management System (HRMS) The application help company to manage HR activities, example like, payroll, recruiting, time management, benefits and training. Oracle Logistics This application allows company to plan, manage, and control the flow of their storage of their products and services within their business. Oracle Supply Chain Application This application allows the companies to predict market requirements, help the company better in response to volatile market conditions. Oracle Order Management This module helps companies to streamline and automate their businesss sales order and management process. Oracle Transportation Management This module allows companies to do transportation planning and help in execution capabilities to their shippers and their third party logistics providers. Oracle Warehouse Management System It helps the company to coordinate the movement of their goods and provide them information throughout the whole distribution process. (Bastin Gerald, Nigel King, Dan Natchek, 2002) Overview of Oracle E Business Suite Oracle E Business Suite (EBS) enable companies to model the landscape and products of their manufacturing plant or factory. These applications allow us to define the organization structure of the business, the products they manufacture, the parts they use, their manufacturing process, and changes to their products over time. Similar to SAP, Oracles strength lies in the intergration of its products. (Bastin Gerald, Nigel King, Dan Natchek, 2002) Case Study of a Successful Oracle E Business Suite This case study of LG Electronic from Oracle is quite relevant to the case study of Rad-Tel, which also operates a manufacturing factory or plant that provide electronic hardware or software. The fact that a Multi National Company like LG Electronic also use Oracle E Business Suite tells us that Oracle E Business Suite is indeed a good ERP system, and scalable for both SME and MNC. Case Study Example: LG Electronics Ltd (LG) Overview of LG Electronics Ltd (LG) LG Electronics Ltd (LG) is a company in headquartered and based in South Korea that design and manufacture consumer electronic systems. LG Electronics is recognize as one of the world largest consumer electronic company. (Oracle, 2008) Problems of LG Electronics Ltd (LG) The need for informed management get more important as the business of LG Electronics business goes global. There is a strong need for standardizing the distributed system across LG Electronics production and marketing subsidiaries worldwide. (Oracle, 2008) LG Electronics Ltd (LG) was running eight instances of a legacy ERP system across the globe. And this made it difficult to integrate and determine if the data or information is accurate. (Oracle, 2008) Close Collaboration Ensures Implementation Success LG Electronics was working very closely with Oracle and its implementation partner LG CNS to ensure the success of the implementation. Senior Managers of the three organizations held quarterly meetings to review constantly on the progress and address issues related to the project. Whenever a problem occur with a new module, Oracle would try to arrange LG Electronics staff over to the Oracle Technical Support Centre in India to work together with the Oracle technicians for a solution. (Oracle, 2008) Enhanced Business Management The outcome LG Electronics would expect from the Oracle deployment when it is complete in 2010: Cut the time needed to just three days for closing worldwide account, instead of six. Shorten profitability analysis time to five days instead of three to six weeks. Increase overall worldwide productivity by 20.5% Reduced the cost of maintenance of ERP System by 36% Greater Visibility of the global inventory, sales and marketing costs Greater flexibility for introduction, integration and separation of Business Process (Oracle, 2008)

Color blind by the Counting Crows Essays -- song analysis

I am colorblind Coffee black and egg white Pull me out from inside I am ready (repeat 3 times) I am taffy stuck and tongue tied Stutter shook and uptight Pull me out from inside I am ready (repeat 3 times) I am fine I am covered in skin No one gets to come in Pull me out from inside I am folded and unfolded and unfolding I am colorblind Coffee black and egg white Pull me out from inside I am ready (repeat 3 times) I am fine (repeat 3 times) The song â€Å"Colorblind† by The Counting Crows nothing less than perfect for the scene it was chosen for in the film â€Å"Cruel Intentions†. It was played was one of the film’s main characters lost her virginity to another character. Though it was a beautiful fit for the scene which it played upon I don’t believe the meaning behind the song is the newness of being deflowered. The lyrics and the instrumentals accompanying them are both extremely simple in contrast to the actual meaning behind the song. To be quite succinct, the song itself is relatively simple but it is the meaning and the effort put forth in each and every line that makes it so deep. In the first line, "I am colorblind† (1), this is a clear depiction the songwriter’s (Adam Duritz) perception of everything. His emotions have been dulled due to pains of the past cnsequently renderring him cold and unfeeling. He sees everything as it is; there is simply no middle ground or grey area when it comes to life. This can be seen in the next line, â€Å"Coffee black and egg white" (2) He sees everything just as it is presented, not for what it could be if viewed differently with an open mind and open heart. â€Å"Coffee black† is a representation of how he merely sees the black of the coffee, as opposed to perceiving the richness, aroma, or other detectable qualities. The next two lines, "Pull me out from inside. / I am ready, I am ready, I am ready" (3-4) signifies the fact he is in a shell with a wall of defense up. He does not want to let his guard down, leaving him vulnerable to the pain that only a loved one can bring. In the next line when he says he is ready for love three times, this is an indication of the fact that he is ready to succumb to the power and the feeling of love. He indeed is apprehensive about the situation and is having... ...es metaphorical use to promote the ambiguity of his subject matter. Imagery is also present within the context of the song. The imagery portrayed in this song because it allows the listener visualize this scenario and his emotions. Phrases like â€Å"coffee black and egg white† which is repeated twice in the song, enables the listener to envision the message he’s trying to convey. Refrain is one of the characteristic components of many lyrical compositions, whether poetry or song. The refrain identified in this song is when the writer repeated the phrase â€Å"I am ready† three times; this is the key phrase that most accurately expresses the writer’s mentality, thus dictating the tone of the song. The repetition only serves to the purpose of reinforcing the message. The song, once again, is quite simple but it is this simplicity that makes the song as powerful as it is. It was very well written and every musical instrument that accompanied the song was epic. This piece of work is truly a masterpiece.

Align Technology. Inc Essay

Who is the member for traditional braces market and for Invisalign? Answer Members for Invisalign’s Braces Market * Customers The patient marks the beginning and end of the channel flow in the Invisalign process, seeking a service for malocclusion treatment from their orthodontist. Customers of Invisalign are incentivized by the nearly invisible look, removable while eating ease, and hygiene of the aligners. * Orthodontists As for the customer, the orthodontist determines whether or not Invisalign is the appropriate solution. If suitable, the orthodontist will proceed with  photographs, X-rays, impressions of dental arches, a wax bite and an Invisalign prescription for the patient. This information is then sent to the next channel member in Santa Clara for processing. The orthodontist also has to make adjustments and corrections to the proposal after they are created in Pakistan. * Invisalign The Santa Clara headquarters serves as central point between all channel members. Once Invisalign receives the patient’s information from the orthodontist, employees analyzes the data and constructs plaster and computer models of the current dentition. When completed, this model is forwarded to Pakistan for analysis. * Software Developers The patient’s treatment plan is designed in Pakistan, which entails simulated tooth movements for each of the two weeks for the entire treatment process. Once approved by Invisalign and the orthodontist, these molds are then outsourced to the next channel in Mexico for production. * Manufacturers (Mexico) Aligners are created from the molds received. They are trimmed, cleaned, polished and inspected before they are shipped directly to the orthodontist, which then forwards to the end customer. Members for Traditional Braces Market * Customer Similar to Invisalign, the customer or patient starts and ends the channel flow in the traditional braces process. The patient may either inquire or be referred by their dentist to seek treatment. * Dentist The patient visits their general dentist and if malocclusion is diagnosed, a referral is made to an orthodontist. * Orthodontists In the initial visit with the orthodontist, X-rays, photographs and dental moldings are collected from the patient. A treatment plan is created and in the next visit, brackets are cemented to each tooth and linked with an arch wire. Question No 4 Are there any gaps in the channel? Are channel members performing functions that Invisalign intends them to do? If not, then Why? Answer Demand-Side Gaps * Capturing the Existing Market This is a bit unexpected, considering the many compelling advantages the product itself has over traditional braces. May be the gap exists because of deficiency in customer mental satisfaction level or due to the lack of awareness and trust on Align systems. * Capturing the Potential market Indeed, only a relatively small proportion of this potential population seeks treatment because of the drawbacks associated with conventional treatment, but Invisalign’s process overcomes many of these shortcomings. This gap might be attributed to the orthodontists and the media advertisement, which is focused on raising awareness, and describes advantages over the conventional method (instead of brand benefits). Supply-Side Gaps * Delivery Incentives A possible gap in the delivery of the offering may shoot from the underlying economic incentive for orthodontists. So short of the orthodontists possessing very high brand loyalty or customers specifically requesting the Invisalign treatment, the promotion to customers breaks down here. In addition, the ClinCheck simulation takes 3-4 weeks to complete. They may find a way to give incentive to Pakistan to turn around the simulations faster to cut down on production time. * Production Process Time Invisalign has essentially inserted itself right in the middle of the traditional treatment process. Also, the procedure is entirely customized to each patient. These two facts combined create a longer supply chain that is subject to slow down the production. The Invisalign process includes three centers. The entire process took up to six weeks. Question No 5 Are channel power sources affecting Invisalign’s success? If so, then how? Answer * Orthodontists Perhaps the greatest power source affecting Invisalign’s success is the  orthodontist. An orthodontist stands in between Align and the patient and exercise the power of his expertise. The two customer segments (health conscious and beauty conscious) value their orthodontist’s opinion. That’s why orthodontists have higher profit margins as compared to Invisalign. * Dentists Invisalign have given â€Å"exclusive† distribution rights to orthodontists. So, they have more power. Dentists are mostly the intermediaries who refer the patients to orthodontists and then orthodontists refer patients to Align Corporation for Invisalign systems. The power of Dentists may be limited or actually they are the intermediaries who are performing the role of referrals. When they feel unsatisfied or their profit margins decrease, they also try to reduce the profit margins of Align Corporation by not referring the patients to orthodontists. * Sales Force Invisalign’s sales force uses an exhausting structure. They are not giving the incentives to their sales force. The company is relying more on doctors, dentists, website and orthodontists instead of their sales force. The sales force is unmotivated and that’s why they are affecting Invisalign’s success. * Patients Patient conformity affects Invisalign’s success because of the high degree of participation required for treatment as aligners were removable at the patient’s discretion. Some orthodontists did not like being associated with a treatment that could fail from no doing of their own. Therefore, patients show a sort of power–doctors did not want to be â€Å"associated† with them. Question No 6 What would you do to complete conversion? Answer We propose that Invisalign’s offering is closer to the growth stage in the product life cycle than it is to the introduction stage. Marketing channels should change as the product moves along in its cycle. We suggest that dentists must administer the full process. Other suggestions are given below which if the company adopts in future then definitely the profitability and  customer base will increase in the near future and the profit margins of all intermediaries will be maximized. * Intensive distribution Align should move from selective distribution to intensive. The increased number of retailers (dentists and orthodontists) makes it easier and more likely for patients to receive treatment (enhance spatial convenience). The increased distribution should drive prices down as retailers compete for customers. * Better Incentives Dentists are incentivized by volume of patients and perform non-specialized tasks that require less treatment, all opposite of the orthodontists. This match brilliantly with the Align’s offering. In fact, some of the characteristics seen as unattractive from the orthodontists would be viewed as benefits for dentists. * Target Customers The offering can be adjusted to match the needs and wants of the various segments of customers. Each patient segment (prior use, beauty and health conscious) has different preferences and a varied tendency to buy, as would the retailers (dentists and orthodontists). The other side to this is Align can â€Å"fire† bad orthodontists * Brand Benefits Because brand awareness is achieved (80 percent), advertisement should shift focus from aesthetic advantages over the traditional system to brand benefits. The existing approach targets the existing market. They must position their product on the basis of brand benefits and try to ensure the targeted customers that Invisalign is the best suitable solution. References http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/distribution.html http://www.businessihub.com/the-role-of-marketing-channels/ http://teamjaker.wikispaces.com/Invisalign

Do people deserve a second chance Essay

Do people deserve a second chance? The question may be easy to ask, but quite difficult to answer. In life, most people believe that they deserve a second chance. However, there are so many different factors that go into a decision on whether or not to give someone a second chance. In literary work, there are numerous examples of asking and sometimes receiving second chances. It’s usually better if the author has personal experience to draw upon when it comes to the material that they write about. One of the best examples of getting a second chance was Raymond Carver. Having grown in a family with very limited financial resources and a father who was drinking, Raymond Carver was exposed to the unpleasantness at an early age. As he grew older, he started drinking himself. Eventually, the author battled alcoholism and was able to beat it. He was given a second chance in life. The honesty in Carver’s work undeniable; he was able to relate his struggles to his characters lo oking for a second chance, thus making his readers aware of the importance of giving people another chance to improve their lives. A group of writers who formed the â€Å"Dirty Realism Writing School† became popular in 1980’s. They wrote stories on real life and their characters are deep in disappointment and tragedy. Raymond Carver one of the writer’s, who wrote as a master of minimalism, his writing technique creates a sense of uncertainty and he leaves the reader guessing. Carver in his real life was not a minimalist: in fact it was ironic that he was the opposite, he was a walking tragedy, which showed in the â€Å"Cathedral† and â€Å"A Small, Good Thing.† The stories were simple and packed with deep emotional feelings, its gives the reader a true inner look at one self. This article will demonstrate that the author always left it to the readers to draw their own conclusions, his stories are similar to the way Carver lived his own life, having a Second Chance. (Comninos, Raymond Carver: A Writer’s life, 2009, p. 1) One could only desire to look at the stories in â€Å"Beginners† and the ones in â€Å"What We Talk About† to recognize changes: the prose in â€Å"Beginners† to make up a compact collection of narration shattered by a flashed of dialogue; in â€Å"What We converse About† there is so much white space that some of the tales â€Å"After the Denim† look like a story in a mystery novel. In numerous cases, the man who didn’t permit editor to change his own work gutted Carver’s and on this subject Sklenicka voices a fury she is either reluctant or unable to rally on Maryann’s behalf calling Lish’s revising of Carver â€Å"a usurpation.†Ã‚  He enforced his own ideas on Carver’s stories, which Carver was credited was actually Lish’s deal. (Clark, 2013) In his interview with (Simpson, 2013). He spoke about his life and the experiences, he is usually thought of as a writer committed to a basically realist mode. The stories seemed to incorporate elements of authority or fiction. The fiction in his stories appears to reflect on itself and question its own status.. Raymond Carver stories are about historical events and relationships between fiction and the truth, its more truth than fiction. The story â€Å"Put Yourself in my Shoe,† this is from his first volume â€Å"Will You Be Quit Please?† This story is about a writer someone like Carver, a person who was having a tough life, a failure, a drunk. Carver’s wife and two children were fed up with his drinking and couldn’t take it anymore, so when he moved to California his Maryann didn’t go. That was the end of his marriage and the beginning of his second life. Carver’s second chance at life and love came in 1977, he stopped drinking and he turned his life around, he wrote the â€Å"Cathedral† it is said to be the most important short story he wrote. He met his second disease; cancer. Which took his life in 1988? This interview helps me to understand the direct relationship between the story and the writer’s experience. He uses a great degree of experience, mix with imagination. His character comes alive with every word and I could relate to the events and the peopl e in his stories. At his second chance at life, his stories were often called a â€Å"slice of life.† It reveals a glimpse of the man his actual experience and not his imagination. â€Å"What We Talk When We Talk About Love† the story focus on two couples who thinks that they know the meaning of love, but actually they are confused about the true meaning of love. The story is based on the couples drinking gin and the whole conversation makes the character seems human. The more they drunk the more they seems not understand the meaning of love. Love may not have been defined but they understood that it would always be elusive. Carver’s stories are genuine,; it features a good beginning, middle and a conclusion that puts everyone who read the story in to a reality mode. With his former writing Carver could not move beyond the hopelessness of alcoholism. He used alcohol as a means to escape reality and live within his self where there are no problems that need his attention and this shows, in â€Å"Cathedral† the story was written about alcoholism and alienation to a sorrowful self-awareness to become a  reality of hope. â€Å"Cathedral† was about his second chance at life and it contributes to his great success. (Messer, 2012) I believe that Raymond Carver is realism and connected to the people on all levels. When Carver wrote about relationships, the characters connected with his readers. I believed its more than just entertainment, to me it was a blasted of reality. The importance of giving people another chance to improve their lives, is one of the themes that the readers can pick up when looking at his literary work of Raymond Carver. He brought full circle not a narrate of alcoholism and alienation but sobriety and hoped, but the possibility for the a second chance. The â€Å"Cathedral† represents the artistic power and multifaceted undertaking as his most successful and realistic collection of short stories. I believe that the Cathedral† showed his willingness to compromise and get help, a turning point in his life â€Å"second chance†